The state has a total area of 88,752 square kilometres (34,267 sq mi). A non-formal school project run by an NGO of tribal Santals in West Bengal proves that matters need not be that way. The situation in at West Bengal in Hindu-majority India, bordering Muslim-majority Bangladesh, illustrates the inherent problems to non-Muslim societies of a growing Muslim population. One branch enters Bangladesh as the Padma, or Pôdda, while the other flows through West Bengal as the Bhagirathi River and Hooghly River. The density of West Bengal state in the current decade is 2664 per sq mile. The region was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.[8][9]. In 1971, the civil war in the erstwhile East Pakistan, nearly 10 million Bangladeshis — mostly Hindu — came into West Bengal to escape the atrocities like murder, rape and forced conversion to Islam. [181] Other folk music forms include Gombhira and Bhawaiya. [35] After a period of anarchy,[36]:36 the Pala dynasty ruled the region for four hundred years beginning in the 8th century. The agricultural sector in particular rose to 8.33% in 2010–11 before tumbling to −4.01% in 2012–13. They celebrate the end of Ramadan with prayers, alms-giving, shopping, gift-giving, and feasting. Right now, the population growth of West Bengal is 7.48% every year and it is likewise beating different states regarding developing Muslim population. Bengal's TFR of 1.6 roughly equals that of Canada. The Rarh region intervenes between the Ganges delta in the east and the western plateau and high lands. Panta bhat (rice soaked overnight in water) with onion and green chili is a traditional dish consumed in rural areas. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister although the titular head of government is the Governor. [83], West Bengal's climate varies from tropical savanna in the southern portions to humid subtropical in the north. Cargo ship service operates to ports in India and abroad, operated by the Shipping Corporation of India. [84] A cold and dry northern wind blows in the winter, substantially lowering the humidity level. West Bengal, unlike most other states of India, is noted for its passion and patronage of football. In this region is Sandakfu, which, at 3,636 m (11,929 ft), is the highest peak in the state. “Bengalis and non Bengalis have always stood side by side, as brothers and sisters.” A key member of TMC’s communication wing said the party was keen to focus on the term “tourist gang” in its outreach. Just like Durga Puja, Christmas in Kolkata is an occasion when all communities and people of every religion take part. The Indian National Army was subsequently routed by the British. West Bengal is the fourth populous most state of India. Simultaneously, some parts of the region were ruled by several Hindu states, and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, and part of it was briefly overrun by the Suri Empire. [34] Shashanka is often recorded in Buddhist annals as an intolerant Hindu ruler noted for his persecution of the Buddhists. [105], Each district is governed by a district collector or district magistrate, appointed by either the Indian Administrative Service or the West Bengal Civil Service. The ‘Bengali And Non-Bengali’ Divide In West Bengal Politics. [18] The Bengali word Bongo might have been derived from the ancient kingdom of Vanga (or Banga). [102] Prior to this, West Bengal was ruled by the Left Front for 34 years (1977–2011), making it the world's longest-running democratically elected communist government. As per the report published by the Census of India on 31st Mar., 2011, the state of West Bengal has got a total population of 91, 347, 736. [212] Many of the schools in Kolkata and Darjeeling are colonial-era establishments housed in buildings that are exemplars of neo-classical architecture. One theory suggests the word derives from "Bang", the name of a Dravidian tribe that settled the region around 1000 BCE. 56.519.760 (Persons) in 2011. In contrast, the service sector has grown at a rate higher than the national rate. On this counts, Assam was ahead of West Bengal with a crime rate of 3.7. The coastal region of Purba Medinipur exhibits coastal vegetation; the predominant tree is the Casuarina. Smart cities are being planned close to Kolkata, and major roadway projects are in the offing to revive the economy. The region around Kishanganj has a large Bengali speaking population. [103] The state has one autonomous region, the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration. During the partition, the Muslim population of West Bengal was placed at 12% and the Hindu population of East Bengal (Now Bangladesh) at 30%. [193], Rice and fish are traditional favourite foods, leading to a saying in Bengali, "machhe bhate bangali", that translates as "fish and rice make a Bengali". [47] The failed Indian rebellion of 1857 started near Calcutta and resulted in a transfer of authority to the British Crown,[48] administered by the Viceroy of India. [94] The alluvial soil of the Gangetic plain, combined with favourable rainfall, makes this region especially fertile. 2. https://uidai.gov.in/images/state-wise-aadhaar-saturation.pdf West Bengal is the sixth largest contributor to India's GDP. [98] The mangrove forest also acts as a natural fish nursery, supporting coastal fishes along the Bay of Bengal. State Congress president and leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury said Ghosh’s comment was an insult for Bengal. It is celebrated with much fanfare in Kolkata as well as in rural Bengal. The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with the Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority. As per the report published by the Census of India on 31st Mar., 2011, the state of West Bengal has got a total population of 91, 347, 736. C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery (Raman Effect) done at the IACS. “Just as they have tried to divide Hindus and Muslims, they are now trying to create a rift between Bengali and non-Bengalis,” he said. [147] Surjapuri, a language considered to be a mix of Maithili and Bengali, is spoken across northern parts of the state. A brief history of migration in West Bengal. [104], As of 2017, West Bengal is divided into 23 districts. Also prominent are Dwijendralal, Atulprasad and Rajanikanta's songs, and adhunik or modern music from films and other composers. The Hindus in West Bengal mostly belong to the shakta and a small community belong to Vaishnavite and Shaivite denominations. Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan (VYBK), is a multipurpose stadium in Kolkata, with a current capacity of 85,000. There are numerous ways of cooking fish depending on its texture, size, fat content and bones. [244] In 2008 legendary German goalkeeper, Oliver Kahn played his farewell match on this ground. 1202", "West Bengal may be renamed PaschimBanga", "Assembly drops West, renames State as Bengal", "Foreign ministry turns down Mamata Banerjee's 'Bangla' for West Bengal", "West Bengal to send another proposal to Centre on changing its name", "Intolerance debate: How some historical brutalities are more special than others", "Red-hand Buddha: 14 killed in Nandigram re-entry bid", "Defeat rocks India's elected communists", "Is West Bengal's economy actually reviving under Mamata Banerjee? Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, India's first private sector airport, serves the twin cities of Asansol-Durgapur at Andal, Paschim Bardhaman. [11] For many decades the state underwent political violence and economic stagnation. In West Bengal, 7,820,710 children (0-6) live in rural areas. The city of Kolkata undergoes a transformation during Durga Puja. Muslim representation is nowhere close to being proportional with their 27% share in the population in West Bengal either, but their representation has somewhat improved numerically. The 1987 Cricket World Cup final was hosted in Eden Gardens. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. People in the state have often stood up to authoritarian governments. Christian and Buddhism with 0.72% and 0.31%. [81] The Teesta, Torsa, Jaldhaka and Mahananda rivers are in the northern hilly region. [207], Ganga Sagar Mela coincides with the Makar Sankranti, and hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims converge where the river Ganges meets the sea to bathe en masse during this fervent festival.[206]. [84] At night, a cool southerly breeze carries moisture from the Bay of Bengal. [101], Politics in Bengal is dominated by the All India Trinamool Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Congress, and the Left Front alliance (led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI(M)). The ‘Bengali And Non-Bengali’ Divide In West Bengal Politics. Hinduism is the largest religious tradition in the Indian state of West Bengal with approximately 70.54% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus (as of 2011). [2] Bengalis, consisting of Bengali Hindus, Bengali Muslims, Bengali Christians and a few Bengali Buddhists, comprise the majority of the population. [96] Above an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), the forest becomes predominantly subtropical. [22] This is the native name of the state, literally meaning "western Bengal" in the native Bengali language. Christianity in West Bengal, India is a minority religion. 3) Some of the West Bengal samples are in the Bangladesh (collected from Dhaka) distribution. Although Mother Teresa worked in Kolkata (Calcutta), Christianity is a minority religion in Kolkata as well. University of Calcutta, the oldest public university of India. Marwari, Maithil and Bhojpuri speakers are scattered throughout the state; various indigenous ethnic Buddhist communities such as the Sherpas, Bhutias, Lepchas, Tamangs, Yolmosand et… [205], Rath Yatra is a Hindu festival which celebrates Jagannath, a form of Krishna. [49], The Bengal Renaissance and the Brahmo Samaj socio-cultural reform movements significantly influenced the cultural and economic life of Bengal. Pitha, a kind of sweet cake, bread, or dim sum, are specialties of the winter season. With a total population of over 102 million people, it is most populous state in Eastern region of India. 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