To reinforce his claim married the widow of the previous duke, Katherine. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire. Brothers of Francis Otto, ruled jointly. In 1648 inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from his uncle Frederick IV, he gave Calenberg to his younger brother George William, and instead ruled the larger territory of Lüneburg. Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1845-1923. English: Christian the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, (1566–1633) was Prince of Lüneburg and Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden. Youngest son of George. George I of Great Britain. The Germans are great cake eaters, popular regional varieties being butter cakes ( Butterkuchen ) and, around the Lüneburg Heath, Buchweizentorte (buckwheat cake) which is like a gateau and very tasty. Following his death, his three sons jointly ruled the Duchy. Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Calenberg. While the revolutionary government frantically raised fresh troops and reorganised its armies, a Prussian-Austrian army under Charles Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick assembled at Coblenz on the Rhine. The name Wolfenbüttel was given to this principality. As he left no descendants, the land passed to his brother, Augustus. Other branches that did not have full sovereignty existed in the Dannenberg, Harburg, Gifhorn, Bevern, Osterode, Herzberg, Salzderhelden and Einbeck. Brunswick Manifesto, Charles Wilhelm Ferdinand, Citizen Louis Capet, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, French Monarchy, French Revolution, Guillotine, King Louis XVI of France, National Convention While the revolutionary government frantically raised fresh troops and reorganised its armies, a Prussian-Austrian army under Charles Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick assembled at Coblenz on the Rhine. After being split in the course of the years into smaller and smaller principalities it Grubenhagen finally returned in 1596 to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. William originally considered himself only his brother's regent, but after a year declared himself ruling duke. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. With William's death in 1884, the Wolfenbüttel line came to an end. The Saxon steed was dropped from the coat of arms during the reign of William VIII. After the death of Duke George William of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1705, King George I inherited the state of Lüneburg, being both the benefactor of Georges William's 1658 renunciation in favour of his younger brother Ernest Augustus and the husband of the Duke's morganatic daughter, Sophie Dorothea, later known as the "Princess of Ahlden". The Principality of Lüneburg emerged alongside the Principality of Brunswick in 1269 when the inheritance of the Duchy was divided. During the night of 7–8 September 1830, the ducal palace in Braunschweig was stormed by an angry mob, set on fire and destroyed completely. The territory assigned to the Electorate included the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Calenberg, Grubenhagen, and Lüneburg (even though at the time Lüneburg was ruled by Ernest Augustus's older brother) and the counties of Diepholz and Hoya. Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Website. From the year 1137, under the name of the Guelphic Lands (Welfissche Lande), it was under the Dukes of Brunswick. In 1269 the Principality of Brunswick was formed following the first division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Frederick William's son Charles (a minor at the time of his father's death) became the first Duke of independent Brunswick. To the north this new state bordered on the County of Hoya near Nienburg and extended from there in a narrow, winding strip southwards up the River Leine through Wunstorf and Hanover where it reached the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. Henry the Black, duke of Bavaria from 1120–1126, was the first of the three dukes of the Welf dynasty called Henry.His wife Wulfhild was the heiress of the house of Billung, possessing the territory around Lüneburg in Lower Saxony. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the Principality of Calenberg and moved his residence to Hanover. ): This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 23:03. Ferdinand, Charles-Guillaume Duc de Brunswick-Lunebourg 1721-1792 Ferdinand, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, 1721-1792 Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 1721-1792 In the course of the 19th-century history of Germany, the duchy was part of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and from 1871 the German Empire. Shared rule with his brother John. While Otto's coat of arms showed the three golden lions of England, Henry used only two. Subsequently, George I was referred to as Elector of Hanover. After his death,according to the treaty, the duchy was returned to the Welfs. Sons of William V, ruled jointly. All Welf lines continued to bear the title "Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" between the division of 1269 and the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. In 1584 absorbes the Principality of Calenberg. The estates of the different dynastic lines could be inherited by a side line when a particular family died out. Inherited Calenberg from his cousin Frederick Ulrich, who had left no descendants. The biggest and most populous of those was the area surrounding the cities of Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel and Helmstedt as well as the Elm, which extended from the river Aller in the north to the Harz mountains in the south. New territory was added in 1665 in the vicinity of Grubenhagen and in 1705 around the Principality of Lüneburg. Coins: Brunswick-Lüneburg. [11], Brunswick also played a pioneering role in the history of association football in Germany: Konrad Koch, a school teacher from Braunschweig, was the first to write down a German version of the rules of football, and, together with August Hermann, also arguably organized the first football match in Germany between pupils from his school Martino-Katharineum in 1874.[12][13]. Absorbed Grubenhagen from Wolfenbüttel. After the fall of Napoleon, George III regained his lands plus lands from Prussia as King of Hanover, whilst giving up some other smaller scattered territories. PIC is the international leader in the provision of continuous genetic improvement in pig breeding stock and in world class technical support to the global pork supply chain. History Edit. He went into exile for several years, but was then allowed to stay on the (allodial) estates inherited from his mother's side until the end of his life. www.osullivanagenices.com Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Took the entire government of the duchy after the death of his nephew, the natural heir. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, duc de Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 1735-1806 Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, 1735-1806 Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, hertog van Brunswijk, 1735-1806 After the German Confederation intervened, Charles was forced to accept those laws. It was named for the colonial port of Brunswick Town (now in ruins) which itself was named for Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg; at the time held by the British kings of the House of Hanover. As a result, Prussia was unwilling to let George V of Hanover or his son, Ernest Augustus, succeed to Brunswick. In 1692, he was appointed, The electorship became effective under his rule. His administration was considered corrupt and misguided. Called. First, the young duke had a dispute over the date of his majority. The land passed to his brother, Christian. Ferdinand Albert was the third son of Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. After a little over a decade, the matter of the disputed electorate was settled upon the heir, and the new Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (acceded as duke on 23 January 1698), George I Louis was able to style himself the Elector of Brunswick and Lüneburg from 1708. Berlin would only agree to the Hanoverians becoming dukes of Brunswick under severe conditions, including swearing allegiance to the German constitution and renouncing all claim to Hanover. The county was formed in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County. the Electorate of Hanover, circa 1789. The Duchy of Brunswick was almost entirely surrounded by the Prussian Provinces of Hanover and Saxony, in the south-east it also bordered the Duchy of Anhalt and in the west the Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont and the Prussian Province of Westphalia. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. The Duchy of Brunswick was subdivided into six districts (Kreise) in 1833. When several sons of a Duke competed for power, the lands often became divided between them; when a branch of the family lost power or became extinct, the lands were reallocated among surviving members of the family; different dukes might also exchange territories. The number of simultaneously reigning dynastic lines varied from two to five. William left most government business to his ministers, and spent most of his time outside of his state at his possessions in Oels. In 1428 they exchanged, with their uncle Bernard I, Lüneburg for Wolfenbüttel. [15] It were Henry's sons from his marriage with Matilda of England, the future Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV and Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, who adapted the Royal Arms of England to display their royal lineage. +254780710787,0722710787. All held the title Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.George died in 1641 and was succeeded by: Christian Louis, 1st son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1641–1648) and Prince of Lüneburg (1648–1665).He relinquished Calenburg when he became Prince of Lüneburg. 1506 people (0.40%) were foreign nationals, among those 785 came from Austria-Hungary, 133 from the United Kingdom, 112 from the United States, 91 from Italy, 83 from the Russian Empire, and 81 from Switzerland. In that manner, the "Electorate of Hanover" (the core duchy) was enlarged with the addition of other lands and became the kingdom of Hanover in 1814 at the peace conferences (Congress of Vienna) settling the future shape of Europe in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars. Brunswick is a small, landlocked country in the North Germany region. History Dukes and Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg. These holdings did not have all of the formal characteristics of a modern unitary state, being neither compact nor indivisible. As he left no male descendants, the land passed to his brother Philip. In 1440 Henry V divided Grubenhagen with his brother, Albert. Wolfenbüttel was eventually awarded[by whom?] The lesser coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick showed a crowned shield with the white horse on a red background. When the main line of descent became extinct in 1884, the German Emperor withheld the rightful heir, the Crown Prince of Hanover, from taking control, instead installing a regent. ), This article is about the German states ruled by the various Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg. After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, the Brunswick-Lüneburg territories became the Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchy of Brunswick. Younger son of William VI. Because of his alcoholism, was deposed by his own mother, who took the regency in his name. Under him the medieval fortress (, Sons of Henry VII, ruled jointly. The underage Duke Charles, the eldest son of Duke Frederick William (who had been killed in action), was put under the guardianship of George IV, the Prince Regent of the United Kingdom and Hanover. The need for a Regent ended in 1913. Later accounts by medieval writers that the two golden lions of Brunswick were granted to Henry by the English king, his father-in-law, are deemed fictional by modern historians. [22], Coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick before 1834, Lesser coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick, Saxon steed on an 1860s stamp of Brunswick, Coat of arms of Brunswick on an 1866 Vereinsthaler, Coat of arms of the Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Main parts and exclaves of Brunswick by size, Evangelical Lutheran State Church in Brunswick, Ernest Augustus, the deposed duke of Brunswick, Prince Ernst August of Hanover (1914–1987), Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1954), Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900 - Herzogtum Braunschweig, "Die Wiege des Fußballs stand in Braunschweig", "Der Mann, der die "englische Krankheit" einschleppte", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Brunswick&oldid=995046451, States and territories disestablished in 1918, States and territories established in 1815, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2015, Lower Saxony articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Main part with Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel, Helmstedt, Western part with Holzminden, Seesen, Gandersheim, Province of Hanover, Province of Westphalia, Waldeck, Province of Hanover, Province of Saxony, Anhalt. 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