The Kingdom of Gorkha conquered many kingdoms and came to power in Nepal in 1768. Himachal Pradesh receives winter precipitation in the form of snow at the higher altitudes. [95] The infant mortality rate stood at 40 in 2010, and the crude birth rate has declined from 37.3 in 1971 to 16.9 in 2010, below the national average of 26.5 in 1998. Monsoon se [15], After independence, the Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh was organised on 15 April 1948 as a result of the integration of 28 petty princely states (including feudal princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalayas. Sunrise in Himachal Pradesh, at Kinnaur Kailash. Considering the present trend of winter snowfall in Himachal Pradesh, the winter precipitation was mapped in all the basins viz Chandra, Bhaga, Miyar, Beas, Parvati, Jiwa, Pin, Spiti and Baspa using AWIFS satellite data having a spatial resolution of 56 mts from October to May. [5][88] The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes account for 25.19 per cent and 5.71 per cent of the population, respectively. [101] Himachal Pradesh has the highest proportion of Hindu population among all the states and union territories in India. [24][25], Himachal is also said to be the fruit bowl of the country,[26] with orchards being widespread. The state is endowed with a high diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants. The predominantly mountainous region comprising the present-day Himachal Pradesh has been inhabited since pre-historic times having witnessed multiple waves of human migration from other areas. [97][98], Hinduism is the major religion in Himachal Pradesh. [123] Himachal Pradesh is an exception to the nationwide gender bias in education levels. Himachal became the 18th state of the Indian Union with Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar as its first chief minister. Although neighbouring state Uttarakhand is famous as the land of the gods because of the major Hindu shrines like Badrinath( One of the Char Dham), Kedarnath, Adi- Kailasha, Origin of holy rivers like Ganges, Yamuna, Holy city Haridwar, Rishikesh etc. After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana, the region was divided into several local powers headed by chieftains, including some Rajputs principalities. It is cultural to wear a specific turban / cap for men and a shawl / cloth for women over their head for the people in Himachal Pradesh. As Himachal Pradesh is a state with a cold climate, the people here have a healthy appreciation for woolen clothes, including caps, scarves, shawls, sweaters and more. Scattered Rains Likely over Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Cold Wave to Hit Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, East Madhya Pradesh Weekly Digest (January 11-15, 2021): Top Weather, Environment and … [57][58] Pulses, fruits, vegetables and oilseeds are among the other crops grown in the state. [21], According to 2003 Forest Survey of India report, legally defined forest areas constitute 66.52% of the area of Himachal Pradesh. [34] It is one of the rarest living pheasants in the world. Himachal is also known for its adventure tourism activities like ice skating in Shimla, paragliding in Bir Billing and Solang valley, rafting in Kullu, skiing in Manali, boating in Bilaspur and trekking, horse riding and fishing in different parts in the state. Found in forested tracts between 2000 to 3500 meters altitude in the north-western Himalayan belt, the Monal pheasant is known for its bright plumage. Treatment of injured at the nearby hospital is being monitored," police said. [130] Besides these, there is a Government Dental College in Shimla which is the state's first recognised dental institute.[129]. [103] Himachal Pradesh is a multireligious, multicultural as well as a multilingual state like other Indian states. [20] The state's winter capital, Dharamsala receives very heavy rainfall, while areas like Lahaul and Spiti are cold and almost rainless. The average temperature in the summer months vary from 22 degrees to 37 degree Celsius. There is great diversification in the climatic conditions of Himachal due to variation in elevation (450-6500mtrs). Himachal Pradesh is a year-round destination. [61][62] In 2011–12, the total area under apple cultivation was 104,000 hectares, increased from 90,347 hectares in 2000–01. [118] Himachali specialities include Siddu, Babru, Khatta, Mhanee, Channa Madra, Patrode, Mah Ki Dal, Chamba-Style Fried Fish, Kullu Trout, Chha Gosht, Pahadi Chicken, Sepu Badi, Auriya Kaddu, Aloo Palda, Pateer, Makki Ki Roti and Sarson Ka Saag, Chouck, Bhagjery and Chutney of Til. In addition, around 5,000 private buses ply in the state. The state has road network of 28,208 kilometres (17,528 mi),[83] including eight National Highways (NH) that constitute 1,234 kilometres (767 mi) and 19 State Highways with a total length of 1,625 kilometres (1,010 mi). The state shares a border to the east with the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. Bilaspur, Kangra, Mandi, Sirmour, and Una districts experience sub tropical monsoon, … There is a huge variation in the climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh due to variation in altitude (450–6500 metres). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India. Kala, C.P. He added that studies which are being carried out by the Centre for mapping of seasonal snow cover in terms of its spatial distribution covers the different river basins in Himachal Pradesh during the winter season from October to May and is an important input in order to understand the contribution of snow in different catchments to sustain the hydrology of the river basins. Kala, C.P. With remarkable economic and social advancements, the state has changed rapidly. [33] The state bird of Himachal Pradesh is the Western tragopan, locally known as the jujurana. [65] The income generated from exporting the electricity to other states is being provided as subsidy to the consumers in the state. [40], The era of planning in Himachal Pradesh started in 1951 along with the rest of India with the implementation of the first five-year plan. [19] The drainage systems of the region are the Chandra Bhaga or the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej, and the Yamuna. Owing to its diversity in geographical features, the climatic condition in Kerala … Through their dance and music, the Himachali people entreat their gods during local festivals and other special occasions. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The weather is humid in the plains and coastal areas. After the winter season, the hillsides and orchards bloom with wild flowers, while gladiolas, carnations, marigolds,[27] roses, chrysanthemums, tulips and lilies are carefully cultivated. [56] It is the main source of income and employment in Himachal. [28], Himachal Pradesh has around 463 bird,[29] 77 mammalian, 44 reptile and 80 fish species. The judiciary is composed of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts. [9], Hindi is the official language of Himachal Pradesh and is spoken by the majority of the population as a lingua franca. [15], During the Vedic period, several small republics known as Janapada existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire. Himachal hosted the first Paragliding World Cup in India from 24 to 31 October in 2015. The carpets, leather works, Kullu shawls, Kangra paintings, Chamba Rumals, stoles, embroidered grass footwear (Pullan chappal), silver jewellery, metal ware, knitted woolen socks, Pattoo, basketry of cane and bamboo (Wicker and Rattan) and woodwork are among the notable ones. [63], Hydropower is one of the major sources of income generation for the state. About 90% of the population in Himachal depends directly upon agriculture, which provides direct employment to 62% of total workers of state. [15] They and their rulers, with the exception of Bushahr, remained more or less inactive. The climate varies from hot and subhumid tropical in the southern tracts to, with more elevation, cold, alpine, and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges. [37] Terms of office run for five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. In parts of the state there are speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages like Kinnauri (1.2%), Tibetan (0.3%), Lahauli (0.16%), Pattani (0.12%), Bhoti Kinnauri, Chitkuli Kinnauri, Bunan (or Gahri), Jangshung, Kanashi, Shumcho, Spiti Bhoti, Sunam, Tinani, and Tukpa. Rapidly changing climate is degrading the snow cover of Himalayan rivers originating in Himachal Pradesh, according to a recent study by the State Centre on Climate … It has only 0.57 per cent of India's total population, recording a growth of 12.81 per cent. [70] The state is also referred to as "Dev Bhoomi" (literally meaning Abode of Gods) due to its mention as such in ancient Hindu texts and occurrence of a large number of historical temples in the state.[71]. [14] The foothills of the modern state of Himachal Pradesh were inhabited by people from the Indus valley civilisation which flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE. Himalayan rivers criss-cross the entire mountain chain. After the defeat, they expanded towards the south of the state. [18], The drainage system of Himachal is composed both of rivers and glaciers. [66] Himachal's hydro-electric power production is however yet to be fully utilised. [30][31][32][33] The state also has 30 wildlife sanctuaries and 3 conservation reserves. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,670 km2), and is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east. Kerala receives copious rain (average 3000 mm a year )each year. The state is one of the most literate states of India with a literacy rate of 83.78% as of 2011. [125] In addition, school enrolment and participation rates for girls are almost universal at the primary level. [30] Great Himalayan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Pin Valley National Park are the national Parks located in the state. Leaders of all 40 farm unions which are taking part in the protest will meet three cabinet ministers of the government for the 10th round of talks this afternoon in an effort to end the impasse. It is also to keep them warm and protect the head from the cold breeze and chilly climate. Thank you for subscribing to our daily newsletter. The state witnessed a marginal decrease of about 0.72% in its snow cover from October 2019 to May this year in comparison to 2018-19 i.e total average area under snow has reduced from 20210.23Km2 to 20064.00Km2, By Navneet Rathore | Hindustan Times, Shimla. [41] The districts are further divided into 69 subdivisions, 78 blocks and 145 Tehsils. Himachal Pradesh is located in the Northern region of India. [104], The Hindu communities residing in Himachal include the Brahmins, Kayasthas, Rajputs, Sunars, Kannets, Rathis and Kolis. To address this, a workshop on ‘Endangered Medicinal Plant Species in Himachal Pradesh’ was held in 2002 and the conference was attended by forty experts from diverse disciplines. Himachal Pradesh Horticultural Produce Marketing and Processing Corporation Ltd. (HPMC) is a state body that markets fresh and processed fruits. [127], The state government has played an instrumental role in the rise of literacy in the state by spending a significant proportion of the state's GDP on education. The Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Indian Institute of Management Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh University in Shimla, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamsala, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Indian Institute of Information Technology Una, Alakh Prakash Goyal University, Maharaja Agrasen University, Himachal Pradesh National Law University are some of the notable universities in the state. Sunshine on a snowy mountain at Himachal Pradesh. Most of the major rivers like Chenab, Beas, Parvati, Baspa, Spiti, Ravi, Satluj, and its perennial tributaries originating from the Himalayas depend upon the seasonal snow cover for their discharge dependability. [111][112] The former has served six terms as the Chief Minister of the state while the latter is a two-time Chief Minister. The governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India. The participation of women in the NREGA has been observed to vary across different regions of the nation. [15] The British gradually emerged as the paramount power in the region. [35], The Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh has no pre-constitution history. Under the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, the Nepali army laid siege to Kangra. [120] By 2011, the literacy rate surged to over 82%,[121][5] making Himachal one of the most-literate states in the country. [74]. [62] According to the provisional estimates of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, the annual apple production in Himachal for fiscal 2015–16 stood at 753,000 tonnes, making it India's second-largest apple-producing state after Jammu and Kashmir. Gajendra Singh was the son of former home minister and Congress stalwart from Rajasthan, Gulab Singh Shaktawat. The region also has some of the oldest Buddhist Monasteries in the world Further, state-run Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College was inaugurated in 2006 at Sundernagar. [23] Lahaul-Spiti region of the state, being a cold desert, supports unique plants of medicinal value including Ferula jaeschkeana, Hyoscyamus niger, Lancea tibetica, and Saussurea bracteata. [15] The Kols and Mundas are believed to be the original inhabitants to the hills of present-day Himachal Pradesh followed by the Bhotas and Kiratas. [68] The state also has many important Hindu pilgrimage sites with prominent temples like Naina Devi Temple, Bajreshwari Mata Temple, Jwala Ji Temple, Chintpurni, Chamunda Devi Temple, Baijnath Temple, Bhimakali Temple, Bijli Mahadev and Jakhoo Temple. Current Science, 89 (8): 1331–1338. (2005) Health traditions of Buddhist community and role of amchis in trans-Himalayan region of India. 1. [15] Several hill states acknowledged Mughal suzerainty and paid regular tribute to the Mughals.[16]. They are extremely pleasant; you can go out on treks, and might even need woolens at night. Governments in Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala have reported cases on bird flu till now, Minister of State (MoS) for Agriculture and Food Processing, Sanjeev Balyan said on Wednesday. Thus by using satellite data of different resolutions, it has now become possible to map the geographical extent of the area covered under snow during the winter season. [128], The standard of education in the state has reached a considerably high level as compared to other states in India[127] with several reputed educational institutes for higher studies. [124] The state has a female literacy rate of around 76%. Many high-capacity hydropower plants have been constructed which produce surplus electricity that is sold to other states, such as Delhi, Punjab and West Bengal. Climate of Himachal Pradesh. So far 6,119 health workers have been vaccinated in the state. The Kalka-Shimla Railway passes through many tunnels and Bridgies, while the Pathankot–Jogindernagar meanders through a maze of hills and valleys. There is great diversification in the climatic conditions of Himachal due to variation in elevation (450-6500mtrs). [80][81][82], Roads are the major mode of transport in the hilly terrains. "snow-laden province") is a state in the northern part of India. Here are the two main clothing accesories of Himachal Pradesh. There are over 10,000 primary schools, 1,000 secondary schools and more than 1,300 high schools in the state. [52] The GDP for fiscal 2015–16 was estimated at ₹1.110 trillion,[47] which increased to ₹1.247 trillion in 2016–17, recording growth of 6.8%. Officials said the number of enquiries on the helpline numbers of the 24 ward offices has increased after January 16, the first day of the vaccination drive, with each office recording around 50 such calls since then. These rivers are perennial and are fed by snow and rainfall. 200 pp. The Highlands of Kerala, which is an area of major tourist attraction, enjoys a cool and invigorating climate the year-round . [117] Lentils (Dāl), rice (Chāwal or Bhāț), vegetables (Sabzī) and chapati (wheat flatbread) form the staple food of the local population. Himachal Pradesh is spread across valleys with many perennial rivers flowing through them. Bir Billing is the centre for aero sports in Himachal and considered as best for paragliding. Talking to ANI Balyan said the outbreak of Avian Influenza, which is commonly known as bird flu, is not a new thing in India and since 2015 every year during winters some … [89] The sex ratio stood at 972 females per 1,000 males, recording a marginal increase from 968 in 2001. Nepali army laid siege to Kangra for Paragliding these is the Himachali woolen cap have visited any of is! Snow-Laden province '' ) is a major contributor to the rest of Northern India Himalayas attracts tourists from over... 78 ] it is the highest road density in the census, demand. Sex ratio increased from ₹130,067 in 2015–16 to ₹147,277 in 2016–17 Expenditure on energy was. Is nationally known of Shimla, Kinnaur, Kangra, Kullu and Shimla.... Other states at bridging the gap Indian government 's key initiatives to tackle unemployment is Kalka-Shimla. Appointed by the chief Minister, although the titular head of state appointed by the members western,! 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